Dental and Medical Problems

Dent Med Probl
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Dental and Medical Problems

2012, vol. 49, nr 1, January-March, p. 88–94

Publication type: review

Language: Polish

License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0)

Wybrane wykładniki humoralne destrukcji tkanek w diagnostyce periodontologicznej

Selected Humoral Factors Related to Tissue Destruction in Periodontal Diagnosis

Łukasz Konopka1,, Ewa Brzezińska-Błaszczyk1,

1 Zakład Immunologii Doświadczalnej Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Łodzi

Streszczenie

Zapalenie przyzębia jest rozpoznawane niemal wyłącznie na podstawie oceny klinicznej i radiologicznej. Niemniej jednak, ocena parametrów klinicznych i radiologiczna ocena stopnia utraty kości dostarcza informacji o dotychczasowym przebiegu procesów destrukcyjnych w przyzębiu, ale nie wskazuje na obecną aktywność choroby ani nie pozwala przewidzieć jej rozwoju. Współczesny pogląd na patogenezę zapalenia przyzębia sugeruje, że odpowiedź gospodarza na bakterie i ich produkty jest istotnym czynnikiem determinującym wystąpienie i progresję periodontitis. Mediatory reakcji immunologiczno-zapalnej, zaangażowane w destrukcję przyzębia są wykrywane w płynie kieszonki dziąsłowej (GCF). Występowanie czynników humoralnych w GC F może znaleźć zastosowanie w ocenie aktywności choroby przyzębia oraz wyników zastosowanej terapii. W pracy omówiono przydatność diagnostyczną enzymów gospodarza, tj. metaloproteinaz, fosfatazy alkalicznej, β-glukuronidazy, elastazy, mieloperoksydazy oraz katepsyn. Autorzy opisują również diagnostyczną użyteczność osteokalcyny i osteopontyny – markerów obrotu kostnego.

Abstract

Periodontitis is diagnosed almost solely on the basis of clinical assessment and radiographical findings. Nevertheless, clinical parameters and radiographic bone loss offer information about past periodontal tissue destruction and neither explain the present condition of the disease activity nor predict the future. Current understanding of the pathogenesis of periodontitis suggests that modulation of host response by bacterial products is an important determinant of the onset and progression of periodontal diseases. Several inflammatory and immune mediators implicated in periodontal destruction have been identified in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). The presence of host-derived humoral factors in GCF might have a great value in evaluating both periodontal disease activity and the result of periodontal therapy. In this review diagnostic utility of host-derived enzymes, that is matrix metalloproteinases, alkaline phosphatase, β-glucuronidase, elastase, myeloperoxidase and cathepsins, is discussed. The authors also described the usefulness of molecular markers of bone turnover such as osteocalcin and osteopontin.

Słowa kluczowe

zapalenie przyzębia, płyn kieszonki dziąsłowej, diagnostyka, biomarkery

Key words

periodontitis, gingival crevicular fluid, diagnosis, biomarkers

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