Dental and Medical Problems

Dent. Med. Probl.
Index Copernicus (ICV 2019) – 118.76
MNiSW – 20
Average rejection rate (2020) – 88.71%
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ISSN 1644-387X (print)
ISSN 2300-9020 (online)
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Dental and Medical Problems

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doi: 10.17219/dmp/131795

Publication type: review article

Language: English

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Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and genetic risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity in adults: A narrative review

Helena Martynowicz1,A,B,C,D,F, Anna Jodkowska1,B,C,D,E, Rafał Poręba1,C,E,F, Grzegorz Mazur1,C,E,F, Mieszko Więckiewicz2,A,E,F

1 Department and Clinic of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland

2 Department and Division of Experimental Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland

Abstract

Since the first report on it in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread throughout the world. Due to the lack of effective therapy available for COVID-19 patients, the identification of risk factors for the severe course of the disease is a matter of urgency. Therefore, the aim of this review was to report on evidence-based risk factors affecting the severity and prognosis of COVID-19. We searched the PubMed database for current literature to identify relevant publications concerning risk factors for COVID-19 severity. Demographic and social factors (age, gender, race, in-center communities/nursing homes), clinical factors (smoking, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, chronic lung diseases, cardiovascular diseases – CVD, chronic kidney disease – CKD, malignancies, dementia, cardiomyopathies, immunocompromised state), laboratory markers (C-reactive protein – CRP, leukocytosis, ferritin, interleukin (IL)-6, D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase – LDH, aspartate aminotransferase – AST, procalcitonin, creatinine, lymphopenia, IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor – G-CSF, also known as colony-stimulating factor 3 – CSF 3, interferon gamma-inducible protein-10 – IP-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 – MCP-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha – MIP1A, tumor necrosis factor alpha – TNF-α), and genetic factors related to both the virus and the host were discussed. The identification of the potential risk factors affecting the severity and prognosis of COVID-19 may provide a chance for earlier and more effective management of COVID-19.

Key words

risk factors, severity, demographics, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2

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